The Great Divide

139–40, 141, 142, 144, 145, 147, 150, 151, 159, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 177, 211, 222
    Shield Jaguar, 416–17, 418 , 419
    Shiloh, 341
    Shinto, 161
    ships/shipbuilding, 454, 501 see also sailing
    Shiva, 292, 333
    Shlain, Leonard, 366
    Shoop, 78
    Short, Roger, 122, 135
    Shulgi, 275
    Shultes, Richard, 201
    Shun, 335
    Shuruppak, 274
    Siberia, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20, 37, 41, 45, 46, 48, 50–1, 52, 53–4, 54–5, 57, 59, 60, 61, 65, 72, 119, 128, 156, 157, 201, 207, 286
    Siberian Academy of Sciences, 63
    Sicily, 103, 163
    Sierra Madre, 201
    Sierra Nevada, 228–9
    Siger of Brabant, 458–9
    Silcote-Alin impact, 157
    silk, 462
    Silk Route/Road, 5, 174, 175, 287
    silver, 321, 459, 490
    Silverman, Helaine, 383
    Simkin, Tom, 92
    Sinai, 142, 341, 368
    Singapore, 45
    sinodonty, 10–11
    Sino-Tibetan language, 19
    Sintashta-Petrovka culture see Andronovo culture
    Sioux, 188–9, 196
    Sisi, 44
    Siskind, Janet, 209
    Sivin, Nathan, 370, 376, 446, 447
    skin scarification, 33, 43
    Sky (mythological figure), 44
    slavery, 364, 479, 486 see also ‘natural slaves’
    sledges, 280
    sloths, 60, 67
    Slovakia, 168
    smallpox, 463, 523, 542, 543
    smelting, 115, 277, 278, 293
    Smith, Jonathan Z., 160
    Smithsonian Institution, 92, 485
    smoke, 215–20, 391, 416, 419
    Smoking Frog, 395
    Snake Goddess, 163
    Snaketown, 407
    snuff, 204–5, 315, 316, 317, 321
    snuffing equipment, 205, 252, 253
    social stratification, 322 see also specialisation
    Society for Interdisciplinary Studies, 155
    Soconusco, 187, 223–4
    Socrates, 324, 377
    Sodom, 156
    Soffer, Olga, 77
    Solandra guerrerensis , 202
    Solon, 361–2, 378
    Solonaceae family, 217, 305
    Solutrean culture, 77
    soma/haoma , 165, 177 and n, 198, 326, 507
    Song, 336
    sophists, 376–7
    Sophora secundiflora (mescal bean), 194–5, 207
    soul flight/journey, 48–9, 52–3, 210, 506, 512
    South Africa, 100, 117
    South America, xxvii, 8, 9, 18, 19, 41, 53, 67, 68, 70, 72, 78, 84, 85, 89–90, 92, 93, 97, 100, 110, 111, 115, 181–4, 187, 188, 191, 192, 200, 204, 205, 206, 213–15, 216, 218, 219, 222, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 250, 254–9, 267, 310–23, 381–9, 403, 413, 429, 430, 487–95, 505, 506, 512, 513, 514, 515 see also names of civilisations; names of countries
    South Asia, 25, 36–7, 43 see also names of countries
    South China Sea, 24, 32
    South East Asia, 5, 6, 9, 11, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 54, 82, 84, 100, 102, 107, 123, 125, 126, 178, 518 see also names of countries
    Southern, R.W.S, 451, 452
    Southern Plains, 207
    South West Asia, 100, 101, 108, 111, 124, 125 see also names of countries
    soybeans, 107
    Spain, xxviii, 81, 149, 166, 453, 499, 500, 523, 524, 525
    Spaniards, 214, 215, 316, 417, 467, 479, 495, 499, 500–1, 524–5, 527, 528, 545 see also Conquistadors
    Spanish (language), 17
    Sparta, 360
    spear, 296
    specialisation, 255, 256, 261, 266, 456 see also social stratification
    Sphairos, 347
    Spirit Cave, 178
    spirituality, new, 325–9, 356
    Spondylus , 314
    Spores, Ronald, 399
    squash, 107, 108
    Sri Lanka, 24
    Staff God, 314–15, 320–1, 322
    Staller, John, 188
    stampedes, 238, 239
    Stanford, Dennis, 239
    Stark, Rodney, 444–5, 449, 459, 460
    Steel, Duncan, 156, 158
    steppes, 102, 114, 142, 146, 147, 280, 286–9, 292–3, 294, 295, 460, 461, 462, 463, 510, 511
    Stirling, Matthew, 301
    stirrups, 295, 296, 325, 358
    Stoics, 346, 347, 352, 355
    Stonehenge, 149, 156, 158–9
    Strabo, 289
    Strait of Georgia region, 441
    Strait of Hormuz, 260
    Straits of Gibraltar, 102
    Straits of Singapore, 102
    Streatfeild, Dominic, 214
    Stropharia cubensis , 201
    Stroumsa, Guy, 351, 354–5
    Sudan, 115, 124
    Suez-Red Sea Isthmus, 102
    Suffolk, 449
    Sulawesi, 44
    Sumatra, 93
    Sumer/Sumeria/Sumerians, 26, 86, 262, 266, 271, 274, 275, 276, 278, 279, 281, 283, 284, 285
    sundadonty, 10, 11
    Sundas Shelf, 11, 34, 35, 38, 45
    Sung celadon ware, 459
    Sungir, 116
    Supe people, 269
    Supe River, 255
    Supe Valley, 256, 259, 269
    Susa, 85, 273
    ‘Sustenance Mountain’, 222
    Sutlej River, 35, 36
    Sutton Hoo, 449
    Swain, A.M., 83
    Sweden, 27
    Switzerland, 121, 144, 165, 175, 280
    swords, 295, 296, 338
    symposium , 170, 172, 174
    syphilis, 523, 532, 542, 543
    Syria, 124, 126, 145, 368, 464
    Syrian rue ( Peganum harmala ), 177, 196
    systematization, 369
     
    Tadjikistan, 175
    Tainos, xvii, 95, 544
    Taiwan, 29, 32, 39, 41
    Taklamakan desert, 287
    Tamerlane, 462
    Tammuz, 284
    Tana, 461
    Tanana Valley, 65
    Tang China, 174
    Tangle